1.Simile 万类，万类是将具备共通点的相同表达方式作对照。此种共通点存有于现代人的心中，而并非表达方式的大自然特性。

象征词常见 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

比如：

1). He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2). I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3). Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2. Metaphor 隐喻，隐喻，隐喻是pronouns了的万类，是将某一表达方式的中文名称用作另一表达方式，透过较为逐步形成。

比如：

1). Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2). Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

3. Metonymy 隐喻，拉艾，隐喻不间接讲出所没错的表达方式，而采用另两个与之有关的表达方式中文名称。

I、以罐子替代文本，比如：

1).The kettle boils.

水开了。

2).The room sat silent.

全屋人安静地坐着。

II、以资料、工具替代表达方式的中文名称，比如：

Lend me your ears, please.

请听我说。

III、以作者替代作品，比如：

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

IV、以具体表达方式替代抽象概念，比如：

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

4. Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分替代全体，或用全体替代部分，或特殊替代一般。

比如：

1). There are about 100 hands working in his factory.

(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人。

2). He is the Newton of this century.

(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿。

3). The fox goes very well with your cap.

(整体代部分)这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。

5. Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉

此种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉间接描写表达方式。通感就是把相同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，以感觉写感觉。

比如：

1）The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.

(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。

2）Taste the music of Mozart.

(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐。

6. Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的表达方式。

比如：

1）The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.

(把夜拟人化)

2）I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.

(把鸟拟人化)

7. Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势，增加表达效果。

比如：

1）I beg a thousand pardons.

2）Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

3）When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

8. Parallelism 排比，平行

此种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思有关，语气一致的短语。句子排列成串，逐步形成两个整体。

比如：

1）No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

2）In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

9. Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。

比如：

1）He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下。

2）His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽。

3）My mother passed away in 1997. (去世)