who和be究竟是甚么原意？_有用的涨知识网

那时又冒出新词汇来了，he和be是甚么原意？这天刘伟也问了，be除了甚么原意？

he = happy ending 原意是故事情节最终是好的故事情节情节，而be = bad ending 原意是故事情节最终是哀伤的故事情节情节...

Why happy endings can lead to bad decisions, even when voting

CNN

Call it the happy ending effect.

这是简而言之的完满故事情节情节负面效应。

Our brains tend togive more weight tothe later part of an experience -- no matter how good it was overall. This can lead to poor decisions and, according to a small study published Monday, its a fundamental mechanism involving two different parts of the human brain.

他们的神经系统常常对几段历经的后半部份更高度关注--不论整体情形有多好。据周三刊登的几项较大型科学研究，这可能将引致差劲的下定决心，这是两个牵涉人类文明神经系统三个相同部份的基本上监督机制。

"When youre deciding where to go for dinner, for example, you think about where youve had a good meal in the past," saidMartin Vestergaard, a research associate at the University of Cambridges department of physiology, development and neuroscience, in a press statement.

牛津大学生物学、生长发育和认知科学系科学研究员弗兰克·托姆比德（Martin Vestergaard）在这份新闻报道新闻报道稿中说：比如，当你下定决心去这儿喝茶时，你会想不到你往后在这儿吃过美味的小东西。

associate

则表示副的；准的；非官方的，英语说明为used in the title of a person whose rank is slightly lower or less complete than the full official position described如：associate director 副导演。

physiology

physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 则表示生物学，英语说明为(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work。

neuroscience

neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəns/ 则表示神经系统科学（对神经系统的解剖学、生物学、生物化学和药理学的科学研究），英语说明为the study of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the nervous system。

"But your memory of whether that meal was good isnt always reliable -- our brain values the final few moments of the experience more highly than the rest of it."

但是你对那顿饭是否美味的记忆并不总是可靠的 -- 他们的神经系统对某一历经的最终几个时刻的评价比其他部份更高。

A similar phenomenon can also be seen in politics, saidVestergaard.

托姆比德说，在政治领域也有类似现象。

"Our attraction to the quality of the final moment of an experience is exploited by politicians seeking re-election; they will always try to appear strong and successful towards the end of their time in office," saidVestergaard.

他们对某一历经的最终时刻的质量的吸引力被寻求连任的政治家所利用；他们总是试图在他们的任期结束时表现出强大和成功，韦斯特比德说。

exploit

1）则表示利用；剥削（…为自己谋利），英语说明为to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself举个：

Heexploitedhis fathers name to get himself a job.

他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到这份工作。

2）则表示运用；利用；发挥，英语说明为to use sth well in order to gain as much from it as possible举个：

She fullyexploits the humour of her rolein the play.

她在剧中把她那个角色的幽默发挥得淋漓尽致。

电影《惊天魔盗团》（Now You See Me）中的台词提到：What I hate is people who exploit other people. 我只是讨厌那些利用别人的人。

"If you fall for this trick, and disregard historical incompetence and failure, then you might end up re-electing an unfit politician."

如果你上了这个当，无视历史上的无能和失败，那么你最终可能将会重选两个不合适的政治家。

trick

2）则表示技巧；诀窍；窍门，英语说明为a way of doing sth that works well; a good method举个：

Thetrickis to pick the animal up by the back of its neck.

窍门在于抓住动物的后脖颈把它提起来。

fall for

则表示对…信以为真，英语说明为to be tricked into believing something that is not true举个：

He told me that he owned a mansion in Spain and Ifell for it.

他告诉我他在西班牙有一座庄园，我信以为真。

disregard

则表示不理会；不顾；漠视；对…置之不理，英语说明为to not consider sth; to treat sth as unimportant举个：

Safety rules weredisregarded.

安全规定被忽视了。

In the study,Vestergaardlooked at the parts of the brain that fire up when we make decisions based on past experience.

在这项科学研究中，托姆比德科学研究了当他们根据往后的经验做出下定决心时，神经系统中的哪些部份会启动。

He asked 27 male volunteers to choose which of two virtual pots of coins -- viewed on a screen after one another -- had the greatest value, while a brain scanner revealed what was happening in their brains. The size of the coins, which fell from the pots, represented their value and the task was repeated several times with different sequences of coins.

他要求27名男性志愿者选择两罐虚拟硬币中哪一罐的价值最大--在屏幕上两个接两个地看--而脑部扫描仪显示他们神经系统中的情形。从罐子里掉下来的硬币的大小代表了它们的价值，这项任务用相同的硬币序列重复了几次。

pot

则表示（某种用途的）容器，英语说明为a container of various kinds, made for a particular purpose如：a coffee pot 咖啡壶。

sequence

则表示顺序；次序，英语说明为the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in举个：

The tasks had to be performed in a particularsequence.

这些任务必须按一定次序去执行。

The volunteers systematically chose the wrong pot when the coins decreased in size towards the end of the sequence, the study found. The effect varied from person to person, but only a few were able to ignore it entirely and make a completely rational decision.

科学研究发现，当硬币的大小在序列末尾减少时，志愿者们有条不紊地选择了错误的罐子。这种影响因人而异，但只有少数人能够完全忽略它并做出完全理性的下定决心。

rational

则表示头脑清醒的；理智的，英语说明为based on clear thought and reason举个：

There must be somerationalexplanation for what happened.

对发生的事一定有两个理性的说明。

This shows that the attraction to the final moments of an experience is hard wired in our brains, said the study, which was published in the Journal Of Neuroscience.

这项科学研究刊登在《认知科学杂志》上，它表明，对经验的最终时刻的吸引在他们的神经系统中是天生固有的。

hard-wired

则表示天生的，固有的；（能力、方法、活动类型等）基本上固定的，英语说明为If an ability, approach, or type of activity is hardwired into the brain, it is a basic one and cannot be changed.举个：

Others think that the rules for what is "musical" are hardwired in our brains to some degree.

其他人认为，他们的神经系统对甚么小东西是悦耳的在某种程度上有其内在的标准。

"If we cant control our in-built attraction to happy endings, then we cant trust our choices to serve our best interests,"Vestergaardsaid.

托姆比德说：如果他们不能控制他们对完满故事情节情节的内在吸引力，那么他们就不能相信他们的选择能满足他们的最佳利益。

Sometimes the phenomenon is described as "bankers fallacy," the tendency to focus on short term growth at the expense of long-term value.

有时，这种现象被描述为银行家的谬论，即以牺牲长期价值为代价而高度关注短期增长的倾向。

fallacy

fallacy /ˈfæləsɪ/ 则表示谬见，谬论，英语说明为an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false举个：

It is a commonfallacythat women are worse drivers than men.

女性开车不如男性开得好，这是人们常有的谬见。

at the expense of sth

则表示以...为代价；在...受损的情形下，英语说明为If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.举个：

He had no need to protect their reputationat the expense of his own.

他没有必要为了保护他们的名誉而牺牲自己的。

The experiment also challenged the popular belief that poor decision-making is routed in the amygdala -- sometimes regarded as the primitive part of our brain.

该实验还质疑两个普遍的观点--不良决策是由杏仁核下定决心的，杏仁核有时被认为是他们神经系统的原始部份。

amygdala

amygdala /əˈmɪɡdələ/ 则表示（神经系统中的）杏仁核，杏仁体（主要影响情绪，尤其是愉悦和恐惧），英语说明为one of two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure。

primitive

则表示原始的，早期的，远古的，英语说明为relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system。

The researchers found that evaluating an extended experience was encoded "robustly" in the amygdala, whereas a part of the brain called the anterior insula was responsible for marking down the overall experience if it ends more negatively. The two different parts compete with each other when we make these kinds of decisions.

科学研究人员发现，长期经验的评估是在杏仁核中有力地编码的，而如果最终结果比较不理想时，神经系统中两个被称为前脑岛（anterior insula）的部份则负责在整个经验结束时进行记录。当他们做出这类下定决心时，这三个相同的部份相互竞争。

encode

则表示把…译成电码（或密码）；把…编码，英语说明为to change something into a system for sending messages secretly, or to represent complicated information in a simple or short way。

The attraction to the final moments of an experience is a fundamental mechanism in the human brain and important to be aware of, say the researchers.

科学研究人员说，对经验的最终时刻的吸引是人脑中的两个基本上监督机制，必须加以注意。

While there are advantages to paying attention to whether things areon an upward or downward trajectory, our judgment can fail us when we try to evaluate an overall experience afterward.

虽然高度关注事情是在往好的还是不好的方向进展是有好处的，但当他们试图在事后评估整体体验时，他们的判断力会让他们失望。

"Sometimes its worth taking the time to stop and think. Taking a more analytical approach to complement your intuitive judgment can help ensure youre making a rational decision," saidVestergaard.

有时，值得花时间停下来思考。采取更多的分析方法来补充你的直觉判断可以帮助确保你做出两个理性的下定决心，托姆比德说。

complement

则表示补充；补足；使完善；为…增色，英语说明为to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it举个：Strawberries and creamcomplementeach other perfectly.

草莓加奶油相得益彰。

区分：compliment

compliment

可以作动词，也可以作名词，则表示赞美；称赞；钦佩，英语说明为to tell sb that you like or admire sth they have done, their appearance, etc.举个：

Shecomplimentedhim on his excellent German.

她夸奖他德语棒极了。

intuitive

则表示直觉的；凭直觉的，英语说明为based on feelings rather than facts or proof如：an intuitive approach/judgment 凭直觉的方法/判断。

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