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英文破折号都有哪些作用?(英语中破折号的作用是有哪些)

他们所探讨的英文破折号在英文中称作Em dash(—),除此以外除了破折号En dash (–),它的宽度是Em dash 的三分之一,主要就用作相连数字则表示K480N范围(比如说1:00–2:00 p.m.),和则表示二者之间的关系和联系(比如说 Boston–Hartford route)。

另外,除了连接号Hyphen (-),它的宽度比En dash还要短,主要就用作行末单字转义和相连合成词的各个重要组成部分(比如说 20-year-old son)。

具体来说,英文破折号有以下两个功能:

(1)对Courtomer文本展开说明表明

破折号最常见的用语是对Courtomer展开补充表明,使听众对Courtomer有更多了解。比如说《政治经济学人》最近的一则该文里面有这种一句话:

Real estate is the biggest asset market in the world. The value of residential property in America—at around $34trn—rivals the market capitalisation of all listed American companies.

这儿译者采用破折号对美国居民写字楼总值展开了表明——大约34亿美元左右。又比如说:

The first law of motion—every object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force—explains why a ball dropped from the top of a roof will not stop in mid-air but will continue to fall until it hits the ground.

两个破折号中间的文本every object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force对开普勒第一运动定律展开了说明。

(2)对文本展开特别强调

诗歌创作中译者经常用破折号对某些单字、语句和语法文本加以特别强调,使之重点注重,引起听众的注意。比如说他们在之前的外刊自修该文中再次出现了这种一个副标题:

Britains fisherfolk fret about being sold down the river-yet again.

译者在这儿用破折号来特别强调英国渔夫担心再一次被政府收买。

又比如说:

Many employees—mostly recent graduates with student loans—must ride the bus to work.

译者用破折号对mostly recent graduates with student loans这一部分重要信息展开注重。

诗歌创作中他们能采用方括号(parentheses)来对语句文本展开特别强调,比如说:

Upon discovering the errors (all 124 of them), the publisher immediately recalled the books.

如果他们需要进一步特别强调文本,能转用破折号,因为破折号更明显,给人的感觉更简单,例如:

Upon discovering the errors⁠—all 124 of them⁠—the publisher immediately recalled the books.

这种更为注重"all 124 of them"这一重要信息。

(3)归纳归纳

译者在列出一些表达方式后有时会用破折号对后面的文本展开归纳归纳,从而描述自己的观点或推论,这种能使措词更为紧凑型。比如说:

Male and female, old and young, short and tall—people of all shapes and sizes can participate in activities at the community center.

这儿破折号后面people of all shapes and sizes对后面列出的两个人物特点展开归纳。又比如说:

Reliability, trustworthiness, diligence—this company only hires employees with all of these traits.

译者在结尾先列出出三个产品品质:可信、安全可信和刻苦,接下去说明表明这些产品品质是公司招人时着重于的点。这儿破折号的采用能够制造悬念,增强语句的时效性。

(4)替代双引号和大括号

当英文中再次出现同列成份时他们会用双引号将同列成份合二为一,但有时再加双引号可能会使平面媒体粗大,比如说:

My cousins, Oliver, Harry, and Lyra, cannot attend my birthday party.

The teacher wrote the titles of the books, The Golden Compass, The Subtle Knife, and The Amber Spyglass, on the board.

在这种情况下能采用破折号来替代,比如说上面语句能改为:

My cousins—Oliver, Harry, and Lyra—cannot attend my birthday party.

The teacher wrote the titles of the books—The Golden Compass, The Subtle Knife, and The Amber Spyglass—on the board

英文破折号除了上面这两个用语之外,还能在文学作品中则表示语气的中断或转折,和字句的省略等等。

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