he和be到底是什么意思？（he和be是啥意思是什么）_有用的涨知识网

那时又冒出新词汇来了，he和be是甚么原意？这天刘伟也问了，be除了甚么原意？

he = happy ending 原意是故事情节最终是好的故事情节情节，而be = bad ending 原意是故事情节最终是哀伤的故事情节情节...

Why happy endings can lead to bad decisions, even when voting

CNN

Call it the happy ending effect.

这是简而言之的完满故事情节情节负面效应。

Our brains tend to give more weight to the later part of an experience -- no matter how good it was overall. This can lead to poor decisions and, according to a small study published Monday, its a fundamental mechanism involving two different parts of the human brain.

她们的大脑常常对几段历经的后半部份更高度关注--不论整体情况有多好。据周三刊登的几项较大型自然科学研究，这可能引致差劲的下定决心，这是一个牵涉人类文明大脑两个不同部份的基本上监督机制。

"When youre deciding where to go for dinner, for example, you think about where youve had a good meal in the past," said Martin Vestergaard, a research associate at the University of Cambridges department of physiology, development and neuroscience, in a press statement.

牛津大学生物学、生长发育和认知自然科学系自然科学研究员弗兰克·托姆比德（Martin Vestergaard）在这份新闻报道新闻报道稿中说：“比如，当你下定决心去这儿喝茶时，你会想不到你过去在这儿吃过美味的小东西。”

associate

则表示“副的；准的；非官方的”，英语说明为“used in the title of a person whose rank is slightly lower or less complete than the full official position described”如：associate director 副导演。

physiology

physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 则表示“生物学”，英语说明为“(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work”。

neuroscience

neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəns/ 则表示“大脑自然科学（对大脑的病理学、生物学、生物学和药物学的自然科学研究）”，英语说明为“the study of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the nervous system”。

"But your memory of whether that meal was good isnt always reliable -- our brain values the final few moments of the experience more highly than the rest of it."

“但是你对那一顿饭与否美味的梦境并不常常可信的 -- 她们的大脑对某一历经的最终两个关键时刻的赞扬比其他部份更高。”

A similar phenomenon can also be seen in politics, said Vestergaard.

托姆比德说，在在政治上应用领域也有类似于现像。

"Our attraction to the quality of the final moment of an experience is exploited by politicians seeking re-election; they will always try to appear strong and successful towards the end of their time in office," said Vestergaard.

“她们对某一历经的最终关键时刻的产品质量的诱惑力被谋求参选的外交家所借助；她们常常企图在她们的会期完结时表现出强悍和获得成功，”科克比德说。

exploit

1）则表示“借助；奴役（…为自己生财）”，英语说明为“to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself”举个：

He exploited his fathers name to get himself a job.

他借助他父亲的名声为自己找到这份工作。

2）则表示“运用；借助；发挥”，英语说明为“to use sth well in order to gain as much from it as possible”举个：

She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play.

她在剧中把她那个角色的幽默发挥得淋漓尽致。

电影《惊天魔盗团》（Now You See Me）中的台词提到：What I hate is people who exploit other people. 我只是讨厌那些借助别人的人。

"If you fall for this trick, and disregard historical incompetence and failure, then you might end up re-electing an unfit politician."

“如果你上了这个当，无视历史上的无能和失败，那么你最终可能会重选一个不合适的外交家。”

trick

1）则表示“诡计；花招；骗局；把戏”，英语说明为“something that you do to make sb believe sth which is not true, or to annoy sb as a joke”

2）则表示“技巧；诀窍；窍门”，英语说明为“a way of doing sth that works well; a good method”举个：

The trick is to pick the animal up by the back of its neck.

窍门在于抓住动物的后脖颈把它提起来。

fall for

则表示“对…信以为真”，英语说明为“to be tricked into believing something that is not true”举个：

He told me that he owned a mansion in Spain and I fell for it.

他告诉我他在西班牙有一座庄园，我信以为真。

disregard

则表示“不理会；不顾；漠视；对…置之不理”，英语说明为“to not consider sth; to treat sth as unimportant”举个：

Safety rules were disregarded.

安全规定被忽视了。

In the study, Vestergaard looked at the parts of the brain that fire up when we make decisions based on past experience.

在这项自然科学研究中，托姆比德自然科学研究了当她们根据过去的经验做出下定决心时，大脑中的哪些部份会启动。

He asked 27 male volunteers to choose which of two virtual pots of coins -- viewed on a screen after one another -- had the greatest value, while a brain scanner revealed what was happening in their brains. The size of the coins, which fell from the pots, represented their value and the task was repeated several times with different sequences of coins.

他要求27名男性志愿者选择两罐虚拟硬币中哪一罐的价值最大--在屏幕上一个接一个地看--而脑部扫描仪显示她们大脑中的情况。从罐子里掉下来的硬币的大小代表了它们的价值，这项任务用不同的硬币序列重复了几次。

pot

则表示“（某种用途的）容器”，英语说明为“a container of various kinds, made for a particular purpose”如：a coffee pot 咖啡壶。

sequence

则表示“顺序；次序”，英语说明为“the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in”举个：

The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.

这些任务必须按一定次序去执行。

The volunteers systematically chose the wrong pot when the coins decreased in size towards the end of the sequence, the study found. The effect varied from person to person, but only a few were able to ignore it entirely and make a completely rational decision.

自然科学研究发现，当硬币的大小在序列末尾减少时，志愿者们有条不紊地选择了错误的罐子。这种影响因人而异，但只有少数人能够完全忽略它并做出完全理性的下定决心。

rational

则表示“头脑清醒的；理智的”，英语说明为“based on clear thought and reason”举个：

There must be some rational explanation for what happened.

对发生的事一定有一个理性的说明。

This shows that the attraction to the final moments of an experience is hard wired in our brains, said the study, which was published in the Journal Of Neuroscience.

这项自然科学研究刊登在《认知自然科学杂志》上，它表明，对经验的最终关键时刻的吸引在她们的大脑中是天生固有的。

hard-wired

则表示“天生的，固有的；（能力、方法、活动类型等）基本上固定的”，英语说明为“If an ability, approach, or type of activity is hardwired into the brain, it is a basic one and cannot be changed.”举个：

Others think that the rules for what is "musical" are hardwired in our brains to some degree.

其他人认为，她们的大脑对甚么小东西是“悦耳的”在某种程度上有其内在的标准。

"If we cant control our in-built attraction to happy endings, then we cant trust our choices to serve our best interests," Vestergaard said.

托姆比德说：“如果她们不能控制她们对完满故事情节情节的内在诱惑力，那么她们就不能相信她们的选择能满足她们的最佳利益。”

Sometimes the phenomenon is described as "bankers fallacy," the tendency to focus on short term growth at the expense of long-term value.

有时，这种现像被描述为“银行家的谬论”，即以牺牲长期价值为代价而高度关注短期增长的倾向。

fallacy

fallacy /ˈfæləsɪ/ 则表示“谬见，谬论”，英语说明为“an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false”举个：

It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.

女性开车不如男性开得好，这是人们常有的谬见。

at the expense of sth

则表示“以...为代价；在...受损的情况下”，英语说明为“If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.”举个：

He had no need to protect their reputation at the expense of his own.

他没有必要为了保护她们的名誉而牺牲自己的。

The experiment also challenged the popular belief that poor decision-making is routed in the amygdala -- sometimes regarded as the primitive part of our brain.

该实验还质疑一个普遍的观点--不良决策是由杏仁核下定决心的，杏仁核有时被认为是她们大脑的原始部份。

amygdala

amygdala /əˈmɪɡdələ/ 则表示“（大脑中的）杏仁核，杏仁体（主要影响情绪，尤其是愉悦和恐惧）”，英语说明为“one of two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure”。

primitive

则表示“原始的，早期的，远古的”，英语说明为“relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system”。

The researchers found that evaluating an extended experience was encoded "robustly" in the amygdala, whereas a part of the brain called the anterior insula was responsible for marking down the overall experience if it ends more negatively. The two different parts compete with each other when we make these kinds of decisions.

自然科学研究人员发现，长期经验的评估是在杏仁核中“有力地”编码的，而如果最终结果比较不理想时，大脑中一个被称为前脑岛（anterior insula）的部份则负责在整个经验完结时进行记录。当她们做出这类下定决心时，这两个不同的部份相互竞争。

encode

则表示“把…译成电码（或密码）；把…编码”，英语说明为“to change something into a system for sending messages secretly, or to represent complicated information in a simple or short way”。

The attraction to the final moments of an experience is a fundamental mechanism in the human brain and important to be aware of, say the researchers.

自然科学研究人员说，对经验的最终关键时刻的吸引是人脑中的一个基本上监督机制，必须加以注意。

While there are advantages to paying attention to whether things are on an upward or downward trajectory, our judgment can fail us when we try to evaluate an overall experience afterward.

虽然高度关注事情是在往好的还是不好的方向进展是有好处的，但当她们企图在事后评估整体体验时，她们的判断力会让她们失望。

"Sometimes its worth taking the time to stop and think. Taking a more analytical approach to complement your intuitive judgment can help ensure youre making a rational decision," said Vestergaard.

“有时，值得花时间停下来思考。采取更多的分析方法来补充你的直觉判断可以帮助确保你做出一个理性的下定决心，”托姆比德说。

complement

则表示“补充；补足；使完善；为…增色”，英语说明为“to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it”举个：Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly.

草莓加奶油相得益彰。

区分：compliment

compliment

可以作动词，也可以作名词，则表示“赞美；称赞；钦佩”，英语说明为“to tell sb that you like or admire sth they have done, their appearance, etc.”举个：

She complimented him on his excellent German.

她夸奖他德语棒极了。

intuitive

则表示“直觉的；凭直觉的”，英语说明为“based on feelings rather than facts or proof”如：an intuitive approach/judgment 凭直觉的方法/判断。

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